Essay - 1538 Words

Exapmles of actions and decisions based on man’s wisdom and god’s wisdom was when they encountered the goathearded and decided to let them go. Even though they knew of the risk that if they let them go, they might inform the tailaban or mignt get tortured by the taiban to revela anyhthng they still let them go. This celary shos they wiesom and how they are under gods rule. It isn’t easy to leave your life up to luck. That what they exactly did they would rather free the goatheards than themselves. It shows hos gods wisom is in them. Shortly after large numbe of tailaban troops came down to the mountains They fight back, killing many Taliban soldiers, but they’re so badly outnumbered that they have no choice but to retreat, jumping down the†¦show more content†¦The good that took place in this book was when Lutterle’s leg is badly wouned and he craws up the side of mountain and sees three men pointing huns at him. They were Pashtuns-an ethn ic group that lives primalry in afghanista nad pakistand. They have this ancient custom,†lokhay†, that requeirs them to take care of people in need even if ti means risking their own lives. The leader of the three men a doctor named Sarawa, had luttrell carried back to his village Sabray, and treats his wounds. Luttrell is terried but he relaixes he had no choice and accepts the firend. Like that part of the book was the only good I have heard so far. Them taking an amiercan and not only an ameircan but a soldier was just shocking. Especially just because of their acntient tradition. The act of common graced also takes plaxe here. The doctrine of common grace pertains to the soverign graxce of God bestowed upon all of mankind regardless of their election. In other woeds god has always bstowed his graciousness on all people in all parts of the eath. What the Pashtuns did was possible by gods grachiousness that he had put in his people. As ti says in common grace that gods restaining of evil the navy seals had that when they let go of the goatherds. He gave them the wisdom not to commit sin. The sin that the goatherds had commited telling on the navy seals had resulted the chaosShow MoreRelatedWhat Is an Essay?1440 Words   |  6 PagesBuscemi Essay #3 Rough Draft An essay is a creative written piece in which the author uses different styles such as diction, tone, pathos, ethos or logos to communicate a message to the reader using either a personal experience, filled with morals and parables, or a informative text filled with educational terms. Educational terms could mean the usage of complicated and elevated words or simply information you would get in schools. Some authors, such as Cynthia Ozick, claim that an essay has noRead Morenarrative essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essay A Brief Guide to Writing Narrative Essays Narrative writing tells a story. In essays the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the author s values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. When you re writing a narrative essay, loosen up. After all, you re basically just telling a story to someone, something you probably do every day in casual conversationRead MoreApplication Essay : A Process Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesassign an essay. The entire class lets out a groan that could be heard from miles away, however this doesn’t phase your professor. The essay is assigned: a process essay. Now what? What is a process essay? How do you go about writing one? How do you get the A you so desperately need? This paper will discuss everything one needs to know in order to write the perfect process essay such as the definition of a process essay, how to construct it, and how to use proper transitions to make the essay flow. Read MoreEssay763 Words   |  4 PagesCan’t be Built on Soccer Fever† and â€Å"Na Na Na Na, Hey Hey, Goodbye† In Jonathan Zimmerman’s essay â€Å"African National Identities Can’t Be Built on Soccer Fever† he describes how soccer brings the people of Africa together. He talks about the unity of Africans and how much soccer is a part of their lives. He also describes the underlying reason of why soccer is so heavily pushed. The perspective in the essay â€Å"Na Na Na Na, Hey Hey, Goodbye† Tim Bowling discusses his passion for hockey and his hate forRead MoreThe Colonel Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesIn the essay, The Colonel, Michael Hogan illustrates the importance of the influential sport of tennis. Hogan writes about how tennis changed his life from an early age. When he was younger he saw tennis as a rich mans sport in which he had no interest. One of his much-respected neighbors, the colonel, approached Hogan’s father with the idea that his son might like to learn how to play tennis. After pondering the thought with his father, Hogan decided to take t he offer. The Colonel became his mentorRead MorePersuasive Essays : Persuasive Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan this class, I loved to write persuasive essays. I loved to write about my own opinions and I was quite good at convincing people to agree with my stand points. To convince others to agree on my point of view was an extraordinary feeling. I am very good at getting my point across and giving my reasons on why I feel the way I do about a certain situation. I loved writing persuasive essays because I love to read them as well. I love how persuasive essays have a call-to-action; giving the readers aRead MoreEnglish Composition One: To Be an Essay or Not to Be an Essay That Is the Question910 Words   |  4 Pages In the past, the mention to have to write a paper for an assignment caused me to break out in a sweat or my mouth instantly dries, well it does not have that kind of effect on me anymore. 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Ex. 9 Analyzing students’ essays. Use the assignment and the Student Essays to answer the following questions. Assignment: Computers have become an important part of educational process. Write convincing illustration to this statement. Use specific and convincing examples and details. Student Essay 1 Computer as a multipurpose universal instrument of education. In our days computers have become an importantRead More Community Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesan important effect on the shaping of a person’s character is key in both Pythia Peay’s essay, â€Å"Soul Searching† and Winona LaDuke’s interview transcribed in essay form entitled, â€Å"Reclaiming Culture and the Land: Motherhood and the Politics of Sustaining Community†. The two authors present ideas, similar and different, of what it means to live in and be a part of community. Through examining these two essays, summarizing and synthesizing, we can gain a better understanding of what community is and

Who Is A Successful - 2306 Words

Any person who is successful now may not have always been successful from the start, they must have started from the ground up. There are some people who weren’t born into rich families and got success from the name of their family. They would either have grown up up from nothing to owning several homes and cars. While there are others who had some traumatic experience but they were able to conquer it and make a success out of it. Even though some had it easy in life and did not have to work so hard to get to where they are, there are those who did have to work twice as hard to get to where they are now. Just as Oprah Winfrey, who had a some troublesome things going on in her life at a very young age, and having the support that she needed during her mid teenage years to leading to where it helped her go onto to the path with led her to her career later on. Then there is Patricia Martinez, who is a wife and mother of three children and works everyday to help pay for the stuff that they own without hardly ever getting a break. These two people who lived in different ways, and having two completely different kind of success but it’s what they had achieved in during their life. These two people they grew up in a poor social class they showed with hard work they didn’t need to be born into a rich family so that they earn to get to where they are. When having a past that can be traumatic past, it can influence a person in different ways, depending how a person whether they letShow MoreRelatedWho Is A Successful Entrepreneur?948 Words   |  4 Pagesnot have to have a certain personality in order to be a successful entrepreneur. One does, however, have to obtain certain personality traits, or characteristics, to truly have what it takes to become a successful entrepreneur. 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Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagesmake it, within those moments of defeat and failure David arose to the top birthing a seasoned successful 40-year-old man whom shared his amazing story with me. What is admiring about David that I took out of this interview is his ambition to always be one step ahead, as well as to working hard to become a better version of himself. Despite not having the push he felt he needed to become this successful he managed to make it all happen with some help from people he has encountered in his life timeRead MoreMost Successful People Who Have Down Syndrome Essay976 Words   |  4 Pageswhich are false statements. People with down syndrome are just as capable as people without it. There are many successful people who have down syndrome. 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The Innocent Man Free Essays

string(67) " that he analyzed were not marked as having come from a suspect\)\." THE INNOCENT MAN: MURDER AND INJUSTICE IN A SMALL TOWN, by John Grisham. New York: Doubleday, 2006. 368pp. We will write a custom essay sample on The Innocent Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hardcover. $28. 95. ISBN: 9780385517232. Reviewed by Jack E. Call, Department of Criminal Justice, Radford University. Email: jcall [at] RADFORD. EDU. John Grisham’s legal novels are well-known to avid readers of that literary genre. THE INNOCENT MAN is Grisham’s first (and so far only) venture into non-fiction. It tells the story of Ron Williamson, an Oklahoma boy with great promise as a professional baseball player. However, the demons of drink, drugs, and mental illness prevented Williamson from fulfilling that potential. Eventually, Williamson’s demons also destroyed his marriage, prevented him from holding a decent job, and resulted in his development of a local reputation as an erratic, unpredictable man who could be likable at times but was generally not to be trusted. When a young female acquaintance, Debbie Carter, was found raped and murdered in her garage apartment in his hometown of Ada, Oklahoma, in 1982, it was not surprising that the police eventually considered him a person of interest. For many readers, THE INNOCENT MAN will interest them as a story about a man whose promise as a person is unrealized and who becomes a victim of the criminal justice system. Their interest will lie in Ron Williamson, the person. For others, the interest lies in the story the case tells about the criminal justice system. As such, it can be added to a growing list of stories told about justice gone awry. THE INNOCENT MAN paints a picture of a seriously flawed criminal justice system. While virtually no component of the system portrayed in the book emerges unscathed, it is the police who look particularly bad, with the prosecution running a close second. The police did a reasonably good job of investigating the murder scene (although at trial, Williamson’s defense attorney pointed out in his cross-examination of one of the primary investigators that they had failed to look for fingerprints in several logical places). Numerous people who knew Debbie Carter or had been at the night club where she was last seen alive in public were interviewed. None of them mentioned anything about Ron Williamson. Glen Gore should have been an obvious suspect. He had been seen with Debbie hours before her death, talking with her at her car in the parking lot of the night club she had attended that evening. At least one witness said that Debbie was seen pushing Gore away, although others reported seeing nothing unusual occur between the two. At least two people indicated that Debbie had told them that [*603] she was afraid of Gore. (Unfortunately, Grisham is a bit unclear as to how much of this information was known to the police. He makes it clear that one person called the police and reported to them that Debbie had a running dispute with Gore about a windshield wiper that she thought Gore had stolen from her car and that she was afraid of Gore. It is unclear how much of the other evidence connecting Gore to Debbie on the night of her murder was uncovered by the police. However, if the police were unaware of much of this evidence, they obviously could have found it, since Grisham was able to find it). The police apparently focused on Williamson as a suspect when, three months after the murder, Robert Deatherage told the police that he had just finished a short stint in the local jail, where he had shared a cell with Williamson. He indicated that Williamson had seemed uneasy every time the subject of the Carter murder had come up in conversation. Grisham does not indicate why the police interviewed Deatherage). The interest of the police in Williamson as a suspect was increased further because he kept weird hours, had engaged in much erratic behavior, lived a short distance from Debbie Carter’s apartment, and had recently been acquitted on two rape charges. When Williamson reported â€Å"dream confessions† about Debbie’s murder (â€Å"I dreamed that I . . . †) on two separate occasions to a jailer and to two police interro gators, he became their primary suspect. Although there was little to no evidence suggesting more than one perpetrator, the investigating officers were convinced that there were two murderers. They decided a friend of Williamson, Dennis Fritz, must have been involved. The evidence against him was not strong, but they convinced him to take a polygraph examination. The examiner found his answers evasive. Given the evidence against Fritz, as described by Grisham, it is difficult to see how the police thought they even had probable cause to arrest Fritz, much less proof beyond a reasonable doubt to convict. Nevertheless, he was arrested, tried (before Williamson), and convicted. The case against Fritz consisted of guilt by association with Williamson (although the case against Williamson was not presented to the Fritz jury); testimony from three jailhouse snitches; forensic evidence that Fritz was a non-secretor (a person whose blood type cannot be determined from bodily fluids, which is true for about 20% of the population); and forensic evidence that hair samples found at the murder scene were consistent with Fritz’ hair. As weak as this evidence was, it was further weakened by the fact that the forensic expert who testified that Fritz was a non-secretor was far from certain that the killer (or killers) were non-secretors. In addition, the first lab analyst to examine the hair samples found at the murder scene concluded that those samples were only microscopically consistent with Debbie Carter’s hair and not with any samples taken from other persons (a fact that was never shared with the defense). This result required analysis from another technician, who ultimately concluded that some of the samples were consistent with Fritz’ hair. It took this expert over two years to do his analysis, and he did so with the knowledge that when he was analyzing Fritz’ hair, Fritz was a suspect in the case. (Other hair samples that he analyzed were not marked as having come from a suspect). You read "The Innocent Man" in category "Essay examples" [*604] The prosecution’s case may have been strengthened when it was able to prove during cross-examination of Dennis Fritz that he had lied to the school system when he indicated on his job application that he had no criminal convictions. In fact, he had once been convicted of growing marijuana. When the police had discovered this fact during its investigation, they called the junior high school where Fritz was working and told them that he was under investigation for murder and had lied about his marijuana-growing conviction. The school system fired him immediately). The prosecution also established that Fritz had lied about the marijuana-growing conviction on an applica tion for a gun permit. Although this testimony may have strengthened the prosecution’s case a little by showing that Fritz had lied on at least wo occasions, the case in chief from the prosecution was so weak to start with that it is difficult to imagine how the case survived a motion for a directed verdict from the defense, much less provided a sufficient basis for a jury’s conclusion that Fritz was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The jury sentenced him to life in prison. The prosecution was now ready to try Williamson. Much of its case consisted of the same evidence presented against Dennis Fritz. However, the prosecution had a couple of advantages that it lacked at the Fritz trial. First, it had the â€Å"dream confessions† that Williamson had related to the police and a jailer. Second, Williamson was clearly mentally ill and prone to exhibiting behavior in the courtroom that did not make a good impression on the jury. For example, when a jailhouse snitch testified against Williamson, he interrupted her more than once, calling her a liar and threatening her. The prosecution may also have benefited from the fact that when Glen Gore was called to testify, he refused to answer questions. His reasons for doing so were unclear (he was in prison on charges unrelated to the Carter murder, and he may have been concerned about the impression he would have created with his fellow inmates if he had â€Å"snitched† on Williamson). Since he had testified at the Williamson preliminary hearing, however, and had been subjected to cross-examination there, the trial judge allowed that testimony to be read to the jury. Such testimony might not be as forceful as in-court testimony, but this was no doubt more than counteracted by the fact that at the preliminary hearing, Williamson’s defense attorney had not cross-examined Williamson about his criminal record of violent offenses and his own whereabouts on the night of the murder. Consequently, the jury heard none of this information. Although the prosecution’s case was no doubt a little stronger against Williamson than it had been against Fritz, it was still quite weak. Yet it yielded the same result – a unanimous jury vote for conviction after deliberations of only six hours (including a lunch break). And this time the jury recommended a sentence of death. To this point in the case, the criminal justice system had done little to inspire confidence. The police failed to investigate the possibility that the last [*605] person seen with Debbie Carter, a person with a propensity for violence and known to be a person she feared, might have killed her. The police had made misrepresentations to suspects and pressured them and other witnesses, although that pressure may not have risen to the level of coercion. One witness, who lived not far from Dennis Fritz, had heard some noise outside his home very late one night in December (the month of Debbie’s murder). When he looked outside, he saw two men washing themselves off with his garden hose. The police were convinced that this was Fritz and Williamson washing Debbie’s blood off after killing her. However, the witness could not remember what night this was, nor could he say for certain who the two men were, even after being shown pictures of Fritz and Williamson. Not long before Williamson’s trial, Grisham indicates that one of the primary police investigators visited the witness, trying to suggest details that would strengthen the witness’ testimony. When the witness declined to make his answers more helpful to the prosecution, Grisham says that the police officer â€Å"brushed his coat away from his hip so [the witness] could see his service revolver . . . and said that [the witness] might get lead poisoning if his memory didn’t improve† (p. 193). The prosecution did not fare much better. It proceeded with two murder prosecutions on very limited evidence. It made extensive use of testimony from jailhouse snitches whose credibility was, at the very least, questionable. It failed to question why the police did not investigate Glen Gore’s possible involvement in Debbie Carter’s murder. Either the prosecution or the police labeled the hair samples of Fritz and Williamson as samples from suspects. The prosecution placed great reliance on the forensic analysis of the hair samples, even though one of its experts had failed to conclude that the samples that came from Fritz and Williamson were consistent with hair found at the murder scene. It failed to share this latter piece of information with the defense. It also failed to share with he defense a videotaped interrogation of Williamson in which he had steadfastly maintained his innocence. The forensic experts engaged in some questionable activities also. It seems inappropriate for one analyst to re-examine evidence when another competent analyst failed to arrive at the result desired by the prosecution. It is also questionable that hair samples should be analyzed when they are known by the analyst to have come from a suspect. The second hair sample analyst also testified at trial that the samples taken from Fritz and Williamson â€Å"matched† some hair found at the murder scene. Virtually all court decisions agree that hair sample analysis is too imperfect a science to permit use of the term â€Å"match† (â€Å"consistent with† is the term that courts allow). The trial judge upheld an objection to the expert’s use of this term, but the jury had heard it and the damage was done. Perhaps the most egregious action taken by a forensic expert in this case involved the examination of a bloody palm print found on the wall in Debbie Carter’s [*606] apartment. The initial forensic analysis concluded that the palm print was not that of Fritz, Williamson, or Debbie Carter. This was a potential problem for the prosecution, because the palm print almost certainly had to have been left either by the victim or one of the killers. Since it was not Debbie’s and did not come from Fritz and Williamson, it could be argued persuasively that the true killer had still not been found. The prosecution’s solution to this dilemma was to have Debbie Carter’s body exhumed and her palm print examined again. The forensic expert who did the initial analysis did it again and changed his mind, concluding that the bloody print on the wall was indeed Debbie Carter’s. In his 24-year career, this forensic expert had never changed his mind before. The trial judge can also be criticized. When it became apparent during the cross-examination of one of the investigating officers that the videotaped interrogation in which Williamson maintained his innocence had not been shared with the defense (a clear violation of the Supreme Court case, BRADY v. MARYLAND), the judge decided not to rule on the defense’s motion for a retrial until after the trial. After trial, he ruled that withholding the videotape was not a violation of BRADY. As we have seen, the hair sample analysis was critical to the prosecution’s case, but the trial judge refused to appoint an expert for the defense to permit it to conduct its own hair sample analysis. Perhaps the most questionable action taken by the trial judge was his failure to require that Williamson be examined for mental competency. While the responsibility to raise this issue lay primarily with the defense attorney, the trial judge had observed so many instances of strange and erratic behavior on the part of Ron Williamson that he almost certainly should have ordered a competency evaluation on his own initiative. One of the things that the literature on wrongful convictions makes abundantly clear is that, once a defendant has been convicted at a trial when there are serious questions regarding actual guilt, the likelihood that the defendant will ever be exonerated by the court system becomes extremely slim. Appellate courts only hear legal issues and do not generally review facts (such as the guilt or innocence of the defendant). Thus, Ron Williamson was clearly facing an uphill battle. However, it was exactly at this point that the system began to perform better. First, Williamson was represented by a series of indigent defense counsel (working as part of the public defender system in Oklahoma) who took their responsibilities very seriously indeed. All of them performed their duties conscientiously (although one might question whether Williamson should have had five different attorneys assigned to his case at various stages, with each new attorney being required to familiarize himself or herself with the case from scratch). In spite of the conscientious efforts of these attorneys, they lost all their motions in the state appellate courts. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals did conclude that errors had been made at Williamson’s trial, but it [*607] also concluded that they were all harmless errors that had not affected the verdict). This left the case at the stage where federal  habeas corpus  relief could be sought, and Williamson was assigned yet another attorney, Janet Chesley, to handle this proceeding. Habeas corpus  peti tions are notoriously unappealing to federal judges (in no small part because most of them are crafted by prison inmates). However, the petition put together by Chesley was well-written and organized and immediately caught the eye of the US Magistrate assigned to review it by US District Judge Frank Seay. Her petition focused on the performance of the defense attorney (a common tactic because it is a back-handed way of arguing the defendant’s innocence), the failure to evaluate Williamson’s mental competency, and the reliability of the hair sample analysis. The magistrate asked two law clerks in Judge Seay’s office review the petition as well. All three read the entire trial transcript and agreed that Williamson had not received a fair trial. After lengthy consideration, Williamson’s execution was stayed, five days before it was to take place. One year after granting the stay of execution, Judge Seay granted Williamson’s  habeas  petition and ordered a new trial. Several bases for the decision were cited, but the most important were the ineffectiveness of Williamson’s trial attorney, admission of the hair sample analysis, denial of the defense request for its own hair sample expert, and failure of the trial court to look into Williamson’s mental competency. The state appealed, and the order for retrial was upheld. At retrial, a competency hearing was conducted, and Williamson was found incompetent to stand trial. The defense knew that Williamson might well become competent with the assistance of medication, so it prepared for a new trial. It persuaded Barry Scheck’s Innocence Project to take on the case because it concluded that much forensic evidence in the case had not been properly analyzed. In early 1999, the semen found on Debbie Carter and at the crime scene was subjected to the latest DNA technology. That analysis excluded both Williamson and Fritz as sources of the semen. The prosecution still resisted a motion to dismiss, however, and insisted that the hair samples be analyzed also. When that DNA analysis also failed to match Williamson and Fritz, the prosecution finally agreed to dismiss the charges against both, and they were released. In an interesting post-script, the DNA analyses suggested that the semen found in Debbie Carter’s vagina was that of Glen Gore, who was in prison for another offense. When he heard from national reporters that they wanted to talk with him, he surmised that he was now a suspect in the Carter murder. Two of Williamson’s attorneys had questioned Gore, suggesting that they thought he might have killed Debbie Carter). However, prison authorities had not been informed of this, so they did not remove him from an out-of-prison work detail to which he was assigned. The day after hearing from the reporters, Gore simply walked away from his work [*608] site. Six days later he turned himself in. Four years later he was convicted of Debbie Carter’s murder and awarded a death sentence (later reduced to life imprisonment as a result of appellate proceedings). John Grisham is both a storyteller and a lawyer. However, it is the storyteller that dominates this book. That makes the book very readable, but it detracts from the usefulness of the book as a pedagogical tool. The book has no footnotes (or index, for that matter), and Grisham seldom tells us the source of his information. For example, the story about the police officer who told a witness that he â€Å"might get lead poisoning if his memory did not improve,† reflects very badly on the police. However, the reader does not know why Grisham thinks this incident occurred, so it is very difficult for the reader to assess the reliability of the story. (Presumably the witness in question was the source, but Grisham simply does not share that information with the reader). Sometimes Grisham points to damning information that seems to reflect negatively on someone involved in the case, but his description of the information leaves the reader uncertain as to who knew what and when. For example, he is very critical of the police failure to investigate Glen Gore as a suspect. As described earlier, there was a lot of information pointing to Gore, but Grisham never makes it clear how much of that information was actually known to the police or when it was known to them. In addition, Grisham sometimes refers to cases or studies without providing cites to them. For all these reasons, THE INNOCENT MAN would be of questionable utility in a course on the judicial process, criminal procedure, or wrongful convictions. q How to cite The Innocent Man, Essay examples The Innocent Man Free Essays The Innocent Man is non-fiction examining several particularly unjust criminal convictions in the Oklahoma justice system. But as non-fiction, you will not believe how innocent people can be railroaded onto death row on almost no evidence whatsoever, coerced confessions and unscrupulous prosecutors who want someone’s head on a stick without truly looking for the killer. The main target in the book is Ron Williamson, who has a humble beginning as the son of a door to door salesman, then to a career as a professional baseball player, drafted by the Oakland A’s. We will write a custom essay sample on The Innocent Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now But like many promising baseball players, he bounced around the minor leagues for years before retiring in his mid-20’s. . After his short sports career that took him no higher than the minor leagues, Williamson returned home to Oklahoma. He developed a mental illness and a drinking problem and when a young woman in his neighborhood was stabbed to death, poor Ron was the obvious suspect since no one liked him anyway. You might think this all happened in less enlightened times, but it took place in the 1980’s. Ron and Dennis Fritz spent years in jail as they exhausted their appeals and finally convinced a federal judge that the conviction was an outrage, based on almost no evidence and the fact that Ron was mentally-ill. The judge overturned the conviction on a Habeas Corpus petition by Ron’s lawyers only a few days before his execution. For years, Ron was screaming in his jail cell that he was innocent. The Innocence Project, a New York City organization that works to free the wrongly-convicted, took his case and won his freedom. What happened to Ron Williamson could happen to anyone. The guy he was convicted with was probably sent to jail because he was merely friends with Ron. You could be arrested tomorrow for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. A jury of your â€Å"peers† could convict you on with no evidence simply because the prosecutor told them you committed the crime. We learn that innocent men are sometimes sent to Death Row. We learn that this innocent man barely escaped execution. There may be many people who still believe that all lawmen are honest, government officials never make mistakes, and innocent men are never put to death. But, I think it is easy to say that there are bad apples in every crowd and yes, even bad people in some of the most respectable positions in the world. How to cite The Innocent Man, Papers

Business Enterprise and Capstone Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Enterprise and Capstone Project. Answer: Week 1 Week 1 discusses about the nature process and strategy of a business research. The lecture provides an overview of the role and importance of theory in research work and the process of business research. The research can be broadly classified into qualitative, quantitative and mixed research. The lecture focuses on the reasons for conducting a business research. A business research mainly consists of different sections such as literature review, research questions and reasoning. The lecture further discusses the concepts of objectivism and constructionism or constructivism. The lecture concludes with a discussion about the different research methods and the factors that influences a researchers choice of methods. Week 2 The lecture of week 2 discusses about the research design and planning of the research process. The entire lecture is sub divided into different sections such as research methods and designs, types of validity, threats to the validity, different types of designs such as cross sectional, evaluating, longitudinal and comparative. It further discusses about the process of preparation of a research proposal. It indicates the importance of following the dissertation guidelines in preparation of research proposal. Proper Management of time and resources is an important consideration. The lecture highlights the key differences between a research methods and research design. Week 3 The lecture of week 3 discusses about the importance of literature review in writing a business research. The lecture provides an overview of the doing and writing a literature review and the associated issues that are needed to be considered while writing a literature review, such as plagiarism, and academic writing. The two main approaches of literature review are systemic review and narrative review. Referencing the sources is an important consideration while writing a literature review. The lecture indicates that systematic reviewing enhances the reliability of the literature searching and reviewing a literature. Not only a good research, but also a good writing is important for literature review. Week 4 The lecture of week 4 discusses about the ethics and legal consideration in business research. The lecture discusses the ethical issues, principal, legal consideration and difficulties of ethical decision-making. The lecture establishes that the research participants do not abrogate the right to privacy entirely even by providing an informed consent. It is Researchers are often asked to sign confidentiality agreements before conducting a research. The lecture provides a brief overview of deception and legal considerations. The major ethical concerns in research studies include invasion of privacy, lack of informed consent and deception. Week 5 The lecture of week 5 discusses about the nature of the qualitative research, sampling and participant in observation. The entire lecture covers the different aspects of qualitative research and its approaches to reliability and validity. It further discusses the concept of sampling and ethnography. The lecture further discusses the similarities between the qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research is however more open-ended research in comparison with the quantitative research. One of the key points of the lecture session is that the theoretical saturation is an important principal for decision-making about the sample size. Week 6 The lecture of week 6 discusses about interviewing, focus groups and language of the qualitative research. The lecture provides an overview of the different types of interviews, details about the focus groups and different process of analysis. The lecture discusses the importance of choosing a proper interview location for conducting an uninterrupted interview. The lecture provides a detailed overview of conversation analysis and its key concepts such as indexality and reflexivity. The overall lecture suggests that qualitative interview should be flexible and an interview guide should not be too structured. Qualitative method is an important method of data collection in feminist studies. Week 7 The lecture of week 7 provides an overview of the Qualitative data Analysis. It discusses the process of analytic induction, grounded theory, qualitative content analysis and historical analysis. The lecture provides a brief overview off the memos, which are the notes written by researchers to themselves. There are several problems with coding that are discussed in the lecture of week7. Apart from this, the lecture covers the different criteria for assessing the quality of a document such as authenticity, credibility, representativeness and meaning. The lectured provided a detailed knowledge about documents, which are a very heterogeneous set of data sources. Week 8 The lecture of week 8 discusses about the nature and sampling of quantitative research. The lecture covers the concepts, its indicator and criticisms of quantitative research. It provides with an idea of generalization, probability sample and potential sources of error in a survey research. The use of measurement in a quantitative research is discussed in the lecture along with the concepts of stability and validity. The lecture further covers the different types of probability sample and the different factors that affect the sample size. It is a mechanism for reducing the bias in selection of samples. Week 9 The lecture of week 9 discusses about the structured interviewing and questionary design. The lecture discusses the different types of interviews along with the criticisms of quantitative research. The advantages and disadvantages of questionnaire and open questions are discussed. The lecture provides an overview of the common mistakes of designing the research questions and importance of piloting and pre testing questions of an interview. There are different issues that can be faced while preparation of interview questions. Closed questions are generally referable for conducting a survey, while open questions are used in qualitative interviewing. Week 10 The lecture of week 10 discusses about the structured observation and content analysis. The lecture establishes the advantages and disadvantages of content analysis and discusses the role of research questions in content analysis. The lecture provides an idea of a coding schedule. The lecture evaluates the key concept of structured observation and discusses the common problems concerning the reliability, validity and generalizability. The coding schedule and coding manual are crucial stages of content analysis. It establishes the importance of clarity in designing the research questions. It furthermore discusses the concept of coding manual, that gives guidance on how to code. Week 11 The lecture of week 11 provides an overview of secondary analysis and quantitative data analysis. The importance of the secondary analysis and its limitation is discussed. It explores the secondary analysis of collected data and process of obtaining such data sets. However, there are certain limitations of secondary analysis such as presence of large and complex data, missing variables in analysis and so on. The lecture puts highlights the advantages of quantitative data from the surveys. The lecture gives a detailed idea about the secondary analysis and its advantages and disadvantages. It further gives an overview of the official statistics and its disadvantages. Week 12 The lecture of week 12 discusses about the mixed methods of the research. There had been a considerable growth in the mixed method researches. However, there are certain objections to the mixed methods, which include epistemological impediments and ontological impediments. There are a number of ways of combining the qualitative and quantitative research that is discussed in the lecture. Furthermore, the importance of evaluating the different perspectives of researchers and participants is discussed in the lecture. Mixed method of research is used for filling the gaps when neither of the research strategies can provide the answers. Bibliography Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press. Fassinger, R. and Morrow, S.L., 2013. Toward best practices in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method research: A social justice perspective.Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology,5(2), pp.69-83. Grbich, C., 2012.Qualitative data analysis: An introduction. Sage. McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S., 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research.Perfusion,30(7), pp.537-542. Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M. and Saldana, J., 2013.Qualitative data analysis. Sage. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), pp.533-544. Sgier, L., 2012. Qualitative data analysis.Academic Swiss Caucasus Net. Terrell, S.R., 2012. Mixed-methods research methodologies.The qualitative report,17(1), pp.254-280. Venkatesh, V., Brown, S.A. and Bala, H., 2013. Bridging the qualitative-quantitative divide: Guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in information systems.MIS quarterly,37(1).