Where to Find Research Papers Online Discover Google Scholar

Where to Find Research Papers Online Discover Google Scholar Where to Find Research Papers Online: Discover Google Scholar Where to find research papers online? If you use Google as your search engine of choice you will be pleased to learn about Google Scholar, Google ´s Online search engine for scholarly research, papers, articles books, abstracts and more. It is easy to access and you are able to find everything all in one place. Google Scholar is a very useful tool for students. Across all Disciplines Articles and works in the database are too numerous to list. They include articles from economics, arts, physics, mathematics, social sciences, business, humanities, chemistry, engineering and Google Scholar has a special search for case law. In addition to that, Google Scholar offers specific languages you can search with if you need documents in a language other than English, or if the document was only published in one language.   Whatever your subject, give Google Scholar a try first, it will not disappoint. References and Citations As an author of scholarly works, Google scholar offers a citation count and visual aids such as charts, to show you how many times your article has been cited. As a student writing a paper and using the scholarly literature found in Google Scholar, you can cite the referenced work using a link directly from Google Scholar. Google scholar offers the MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard and Vancouver styles of citation. Your Own Library Once you perform a search you can enable your library in Google Scholar. This library is attached to your Google account which means you can access it wherever you log into Google. Once you find a document you want to add to your library simply click save and the article will be in your library for future reference. You can organize your library by document date, adding labels and other useful features. Types of Publications The publications Google Scholar uses are numerous. However, they do maintain a top 100 list if you would like to browse publications. You may also browse by a specific area of interest. The interface is straightforward, logical and user friendly. Search Features Google scholar has several handy search criteria available to narrow your search. You can search by date published, author name, phrase, exact phrase and title search. You can also use an option to exclude certain words or phrases. In addition to that you can search specific sources, such as searching a specific medical journal or publication. Some articles may require subscriptions but much of what is on Google Scholar is free, so don’t hesitate to use it. You can read many of the articles immediately in Google’s PDF reader, and cite them with a click. In addition to that, once you find an article, Google Scholar offers links below the search result for similar articles and search terms included in the current article to give you even more avenues to explore, making research so much easier. Google Scholar is a top notch tool for any student who needs to write a research paper  from scratch. Its powerful search capabilities, vast selection of publications and languages and features like the library and citations make this a must have tool.

How to Use the French Preposition Dans

How to Use the French Preposition Dans The French preposition dans usually means in, but,  depending on the context, it also has other English equivalents, such as from, through, on, during and off. Dans cannot be followed directly by a noun but rather must be followed by an article or some other determiner. It can indicate a physical location, a figurative location and time. Dans is also required after certain French verbs  that  take  an  indirect object. Physical Location   Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la boà ®te   in the box  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la rue   in the street  Ã‚  Ã‚  boire dans une tasse   to drink from a cup  Ã‚  Ã‚  prendre quelque chose dans une boà ®te  Ã‚  to take something from a box  Ã‚  Ã‚  copier quelque chose dans un livre   to copy something from a book  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans lavion   on the plane  Ã‚  Ã‚  mettre quelque chose dans le tiroir   to put something in the drawer  Ã‚  Ã‚  monter dans le train   to get on the train  Ã‚  Ã‚  voir quelquun dans lescalier   to see someone on the stairs Figurative Location   Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la situation actuelle   in the current situation  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans ces conditions in / under these conditions Period of  Time   Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la journà ©e during the day  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans la semaine during the week  Ã‚  Ã‚  dans une semaine in one week Verbs with Dans The French preposition  dans  is required after certain French verbs that take an  indirect object. boire qqchose dans  (une tasse) to drink something out of (a cup)chercher  dans  (la boà ®te)  Ã‚  to look in (the box)courir dans  (lherbe)  Ã‚  to run through (the grass)coà »ter dans  (les dix euros)  Ã‚  to cost about (10 euros)entrer dans  (une salle, un bà ¢timent)  Ã‚  to enter (a room, building)fouiller dans  (les poches)  Ã‚  to look through (the pockets)lire dans  (le journal)  Ã‚  to read in (the paper)manger dans la main qqun  Ã‚  to eat out of ones handmanger dans lassiette  Ã‚  to eat off a platemettre  son espoir dans  Ã‚  to pin ones hopes onpartir  dans  (10 minutes)  Ã‚  to leave in (10 minutes)partir dans  (les montagnes)  Ã‚  to leave for (the mountains)pleuvoir dans  (la France)  Ã‚  to rain in (France)prendre quelque chose dans  (une boà ®te, un tiroir)  Ã‚  to take something from (a box, drawer)regarder dans  (la boà ®te, le frigo)  Ã‚  to look in (the box, the fridge)vivre dans  (la misà ¨re, la peur)  Ã‚  to live in (poverty, fear)

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

English - Essay Example Indeed, benefits to Britain’s economic vitality have been well documented. But the arts and cultural pursuits in Britain have long played a far more profound and spiritual role than pounds and pennies, one that inspires and replenishes the soul. â€Å"The arts broaden horizons, stimulate new thinking, provide pleasure and raise aspirations – they inspire and sustain the spirit. More people are enjoying the arts than ever before (76 percent in 2008-09)† (â€Å"Why the Arts Matter,† 2010). Nevertheless, a crippling economic downturn and Europe’s largest budget deficit have raised a stumbling block that may well prove insurmountable for the arts’ single greatest patron – the British government. Name 2 Background Cuts as high as 40 percent come as hard news for arts and cultural institutions nationwide, which have benefited from an unprecedented growth in government funding over the past decade. Between 2000 and 2010, there has been an inc rease of approximately ?200 million in arts funding. In London, many arts organizations receive as much as 50 percent of their funding from the government. The impact on the city’s cultural life could be massive. London’s venerable museums may have to charge admission, a move that could cut deeply into the tourism market (Faoila, 2010). MPs have expressed concern over the curtailment of artistic activities and events and have recommended a program that would reward regional philanthropy in an effort to mitigate the damage (Phillips, 2011). Britain boasts a grand, centuries-old cultural heritage: one need only stroll through Westminster, where lie Dickens, Chaucer, Tennyson and other luminaries, to appreciate the nation’s unique contribution to Western civilization. As such, the likelihood that Britain’s coalition government could drastically curtail, or discontinue, funding for Britain’s cultural institutions amounts to nothing less than a national crisis of identity. For a nation deep in the grips of a persistent recession, adopting the American model of private philanthropy may do irreparable damage to Britain’s vibrant arts community (Faiola, 2010). With no government-sponsored alternatives on the horizon, Britons is facing a permanent marginalization of the arts, not in the short term but over time, proceeding almost imperceptibly, gradually blotting out some of the brightest stars in Britain’s cultural firmament. Name 3 Shakespeare under siege One could as well imagine the pawning of the crown jewels as entertain the possibility that The Royal Shakespeare Company could fall victim to the balance sheet. But in a report to Parliament, the company warned of dire consequences should budget cuts proceed under the current plans, which make it clear that cuts on the scale proposed (25 – 40 percent) will have real and significant impact for the arts and for the audience who enjoy them. Most likely for us it will mean fewer productions, less touring, and a curtailment of the free events and educational activities which help us reach new audiences† (â€Å"Parliamentary business,† 2011). This holds dire regional repercussions, given the presence the company maintains throughout the country. More specifically, the New Vic Theater in North Staffordshire, which receives about 30 percent of its funding through the Arts Council, played host to 175,000 visitors in 2010. This is significant, since the theater earns about 60 percent of its income

Literature Review ''stress on international students''

''stress on international students'' - Literature review Example A mentally affected individual may become confused, indecisive or negative thinker while an emotionally stressed person can appear frustrated, irritated, panic-stricken, impatient, sadist or depressed (Stress Management, n.d.). It has become a common practise in the UK to take time off from work and apply for stress leave by the acute sufferers of stress (Cunningham, 2000:19). In the Terri Landon case, Terri who was a training in a government office, felt unwanted in her workplace and claimed for stress leave and remained on reduced time at work for more than a year without compromising her full remuneration (Cunningham, 2000:19). The effect of stress is not only faced by an individual but by the entire nation too (Stress: The Effects, 2001). As per the BBC report on 25th June, 2001, almost 270,000 people take time off from their regular work due to illness driven by stress giving way to absenteeism which cost the UK an amount not less than ?10.2bn in the year 2000 (Stress: The Effec ts, 2001). Effects of Stress: A Costly Affair The long term consequences of stress can be overtly expensive. From giving birth to stomach ulcers and rise in high blood pressure to encouraging heart diseases and strokes, the results of stress can be costly (Stress: The Effects, 2001). It has a high potential of developing over-indulgencing habits such as overeating, limitless drinking and smoking, all of which are well known for their evil effects on the body (Stress: The Effects, 2001). Moreover, illness like insomnia or depression, nervous breakdown and reduced work performance are mostly driven by stress (Stress: The Effects, 2001). Further, stress is also considered to be responsible for a woman’s complete stoppage or severe irregularity of stress or even her capacity to conceive (Stress: The Effects, 2001). As per the BBC reports, â€Å"In the NHS, the government has had to introduce a â€Å"zero tolerance† campaign to try to reduce the number of attacks, and amou nt of verbal abuse heaped on staff† (Stress: The Effects, 2001). In the ISMA Conference 2009, Dame Carole Black revealed that workplace stress is as expensive as ?100bn (ISMA). Moreover, as per the Labour Force Survey, â€Å"Estimates indicate that self-reported work-related stress, depression or anxiety accounted for an estimated 13.5 million lost working days in Britain in 2007/08 (ISMA). The three best ways of fighting out stress as suggested by Cunningham include the lessening of stress forces, the increasing of one’s capacity to resist damage and the understanding of the early signs of stress thereby being alert in advance to combat it (Cunningham, 2000:8). Role of Stress on International Students Both local and international students face a lot of complex situations such as examinations, deadlines, poor time management, uncontrollable debts and other cases which lead to undue stress (Stress Management, n.d.). International stude

Hunger Games Book Report Essay Example for Free

Hunger Games Book Report Essay â€Å"The Hunger Games† is a the first book in a fantastic series of three books written by Suzanne Collins. It takes you into the life of a scared but quick-thinking, brave girl named Katniss Everdeen who learns how to survive on her own from a very young age when her father died in a mining accident. From that day on, she took care of her little family (mother and little sister, Prim) as well as herself by hunting in the woods of District 12 everyday with her guy friend Gale (who might have a thing for her but no one really knows). District 12 was one of the twelve districts that made up the country of Panem. Panem was once the continent of North America. When an epidemic swept through the continent of North America, Panem was formed and, the people who lived under the rules set by the capitol did not like it. They rebelled against the capitol and lost. Now, every year, childrens names, ages 12 through 18, are put into a bowl and drawn out during a ceremony known as â€Å"The Reaping. † This is a dreaded time and no one wants to be a part of it because they know that if their names are drawn, it is almost like a death sentence. When a name is called, you are then taken and thrown into what is known as â€Å"The Hunger Games. † Our narrator, main character, and hero also known as Katniss Everdeen, offered herself as a tribute in place of her younger sister Prim in an effort to save her life. When her and Peeta Mellark (the boy tribute from district 12) were taken off to the capitol, they went through some pretty intense training and in the end, well, youll have to read the book to find out what happened but it was sort of an unexpected ending. This book was so good because it kept you on your toes the whole time. I would rate it a solid 9. 5. I gave it that high of a rating because, the unexpected seemed to happen a lot and things popped up all the time out of no where. The book also kept a good pace and there werent to many dull moments; there was just enough detail that you could picture what was going on in your head while the story kept moving. The only thing that I did not like about this book was the fact that it seemed almost too futuristic. Yes, it is true that the story takes place millions of years from our present day but, it seemed almost to realistic. Crazy is a good word that describes what some of the people acted like that lived in the capitol. In all though, I really did think that this was a very good book and I would suggest it to anyone who was considering reading it.

Lowering Tuition at Iowa State University Essay example -- Colleges Ed

Lowering Tuition at Iowa State University The Background of the Costs of Tuition at Iowa State University Iowa State University is a land grant school which, among other things, means that the university gets money from the state of Iowa from the taxes that residents pay to the state. Because of this in state residents who choose to go to the university do not have to pay a large amount of money while out-of-state residents have to pay almost twice as much. Iowa State University does not have reciprocity, meaning that even residents from the surrounding states, Minnesota, Illinois, etc., have to pay full out-of-state tuition. Out-of- state residents have to pay about $9000 a year for tuition, while Iowa residents pay only about $2500 per year. (See fig1 for semester costs) Undergraduate Cost of Attendence Fig1. Semester Cost Resident Non-Resident Tution $1393 $4673 Room/ Board $2085.50 $2085.50 Books/ Supplies $342 $342 Fees $109 $109 TOTAL $3,929.50 $7,209.50 Source: Iowa State University Homepage, www.iastate.edu/~fin_aid_info Tuition helps to pay for all of the services and programs of a University. However, some universities put more money into one or two programs or colleges to make them stronger areas of study within the university. Not all colleges or departments throughout a university have the same quality of classes or facilities. For example, Iowa State University invests a great deal of their money in the engineering and agricultural programs and so increases the quality of those programs. This is how students choose which university is best for them. A student bases his decision on what college to attend by looking at what programs a particular universit... ...more information and email addresses of the offices go to the Iowa State University web page at www.iastate.edu. From there you will be able to reach any office or department of the University. Just keep in mind that it is the student’s job to voice their opinions to the University, and it is the university’s job to listen. Without us, there is no Iowa State! Works Cited Hauser, Andrea. "Regents Increase Tuition by 4.3 Percent." Iowa State Daily 22 Oct. 1999: 1. Iowa State University Office of Financial Aid. (No date). How Much Does It Really Cost? [Online]. (1998). Available http: http://www.iastate.edu/~fin_aid_info/ General Topics/cost.html [1999, October 29]. Iowa State University Office of Institutional Research. (No date). ISU Fact Book [Online]. (1998-1999). Available http: http://www.iastate.edu/~inst_res_info/factbk.html [1999, October 29].

An Analysis of the Choice Essay

This study analyzes the difference of the operation model of HSBC and ICBC are operating in the UK at present, and examines the advantages and disadvantages of both separated and mixed operation for ICBC (London). Furthermore, it proposes the realistic choice of operation model for ICBC (London) under the existing Chinese financial system and the market condition of UK. This paper argues that the separated operation model of ICBC and investment banks in the short term will not change. The internally integrated operation model in terms of mixed operation which through restructuring to concurrently operate investment bank business within the ICBC (London), should be the realistic choice. The operating advantages in terms of low risk and high efficiency of the Group Banking form will be the development orientation for ICBC (London). Chapter 1 1. Introduction 1. 1 Background to the Research November 4, 1999 the U. S. Senate and House passed the â€Å"Financial Services modernization Act† to repeal the â€Å"Glass-Steagall Act† enacted in 1933(Wen, 2009). It ends the separated operation and separate supervision to the banking, securities and insurance, and opened a new era in the financial industry to mixed operation. Also it marks the mixed operation model occupied the dominant position in the international financial community. Under the role of market forces, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada and other western countries have also given up the major sub-sector financial management system, and re-established the mixed financial system. The establishment of British Financial Services Authority (FSA) has been practiced for ten years. It has shown that the implementation of mixed operation and mixed supervision of the reform is successful for UK financial industry (Ojo, 2005). The integration of commercial banking and investment banking business became the global financial industry trends (Xu, 2002). ICBC is a market leader in the China in many business areas of commercial banking. It occupies the biggest market share among the big-four state-owned commercial banks in terms of capitalization, profitability and the volumes of deposit and loan. It operates through 16,232 outlets across China, 162 overseas subsidiaries and a global network of more than 1,504 correspondent banks as well as Internet Banking, Telephone Banking and self-service banking (www. icbc. com. cn). ICBC (London) was established in 2003, and grew dramatically on total capitalization and the scope of the business. However, under the Chinese Financial Law, it still uses the separated operation model in UK. 1. 2 Significance of the Problem The operation and supervision model of China’s financial banking are different from any of other countries’. Recalling the journey of China’s financial business operations, in 1993, the operation model of Chinese financial industry had changed from mixed operation to separated operation. Prior to 1993, China adopted a mixed operation, and commercial banks were one of the main participants at the beginning of China’s stock market established. Banks were playing a significant role in the securities market formation process which gave the support on capital, technology, personnel and organizational management. The main form of commercial banks to participate in the securities business was built on equity securities company wholly or securities department of trust and Investment Company. Their principal business was the issuance of corporate securities and agency trading. Because of the lack of capacity of self-regulatory and constraints, there was an accumulation of risks inherent in mixed operation. In the late 1992, as investment of real estate and securities were prevailing, numerous of credit funds through bank lending into the stock market result in leading to financial chaos. Therefore in July 1993, there was a great effort to rectify the financial order. Banking industry and securities industry had to adopt separate operation management model. Chinese government proposed separated operation and separated supervision model for financial industry. In 1995, â€Å"Commercial Bank Law† and â€Å"Insurance Law† followed the â€Å"separated operation, separated supervision† principle to regulate the financial industry. From that point, the separated operation model continues to today. However, due to the effects of the practice of mixed operation model by the U. S. , ICBC is trialing the mixed operation model progressively in China since 2008 (ICBC Annual Report 2009). Unfortunately, ICBC (London) is still operating as separated operation model. 1. 3 Statement of Purpose In recent years, the pace of world economic development slowed down and interest rates of countries continued generally low, result in facing a serious test of effectiveness for banks whose profitability based on the main source of loan interest rate differentials.

Book Report on Freedomnomics by John Lott Essay

The effective management of the economic aspect of the country is always valuable and necessary to guarantee the financial stability of the nation and its people. As such, it is empirically significant that the economy is free from any manifestation of restriction for it to efficiently operate. Such condition is the underlying principle and practice behind what is called a free market. Economic freedom is attributed to the flexibility and most importantly, immunity of the economic field from limitations. In carrying-out such ideal situation, the reality that free economy works most to the advantages of both the people and nation is established. With such clear indications, it is therefore essential that the concept of free market is supported because it definitely works best for the population and the country in general. The said main thesis concerning the principle and practices of free market was what efficiently exemplified by the book â€Å"Freedomnomics† written by Economist and acclaimed author John Lott. In the said book, Lott (2007) opened the minds and hearts of the public about the necessity of a free market condition due to its many relevant advantages both for the people and societies. In doing so, the book not only provided its readers with a glimpse about the nature and components of free market but also allowed the public to realize its benefits. To support the book’s thesis, Lott based his premise from several case studies which all pointed to the significance of free market thus he called for and emphasized the need for economic freedom (Lott, 2007). In supporting his main theory on free market, Lott stressed major points that showed how free market or liberated economy paved the way for the eventual successful handling of the other aspects of the society such as the political system and the structure of the criminal justice as well as even the ethical or moral features of a country like the United States. It is in this position therefore that the book ultimately succeeded because it was able to make way for the public’s recognition that free market encompassed not only the economic aspect of the country but its other social components as well. Hence, there is indeed a need to adhere to and uphold the free market principle in order to achieve the nation’s improvement. The Free Market Premise In â€Å"Freedomnomics,† Lott effectively explored on the premise of free market-its nature, components, practices and most of all, its significance to people and the society. Citing the notion imparted by Adam Smith, the author outrightly presented that from such principle, where a nation’s economy just like the U. S. is free from any form of restriction, â€Å"the free market works† (Lott, 2007, p. 1). Taking into consideration the results of a number of economic-related case studies which he did on his whole career, the relevance of the principle of free market was highlighted by the author through the book. Additionally, the book’s point of view evolved around and was analyzed according to the philosophy that a restricted kind of economy, such as the one manifested by communism, is undeniably harmful. This is supposedly because of the fact that economic restrictions also result to portrayals of limitation that detriment other aspects of the society (Lott, 2007). As a support to his free market theory, Lott gave the public major points that all signified the benefits of such concept. In doing so, it became apparent for the book to prove the harms when the economy is subjected to any kind of restriction. The points that supported the free market perspective were bravely presented by the book like its opposition to the book â€Å"Freakonomics† by Steve Levitt and Stephen Dubner. The Lott book stressed the advantages to be derived from free market or economic freedom when it challenged its counterpart’s philosophy that the American economy is a swindling business because both the corporations and their people are cheating the public (Lott, 2007). In correcting the wrong notion brought about by â€Å"Freakonomics,† Lott’s â€Å"Freedomnomics,† in turn, clarified that the American economy, due to its free market principle, truly operates according to rules. This is because the field, as represented by many corporations, exerts earnest efforts â€Å"to make a profit by supplying people with something they want† (Lott, 2007, p. 3). It is in this condition that the effective operation of free market is exhibited due to its remarkable advantage of encouraging the economy and people behind it to act honestly and accordingly (Lott, 2007). The book further perceived that treating the public honestly made the free economy maintain its good reputation. Notwithstanding the supposed penalties and legal liabilities, the best motivation for the economy and corporations is to preserve their honesty and honor. Most importantly, it is not only the economy which benefited from free market as such principle likewise paved the way for proper operation of the other aspects of the society or the the sincere actions of other members of the society such as political leaders, professionals, members of the criminal justice system, all of which ensured adherence to moral standards. As a proof, Lott cited his experiences which confirmed that economy, politics and religion were connected. This was recorded by his opinion-editorial materials in the July 13, 1986 issues of the Great Falls Tribune and the Montana Standard (Lott, 2007, p. 7). Conclusion Regardless of the disputes against the free market principle, â€Å"Freedomnomics† effectively justified such and even emphasized its undisputed benefits which made the book commendable. Ultimately, it is only through continued observance of free market or liberated economy that Lott prescribed the country to become better and stable. Reference Lott, J. R. (2007). Freedomnomics: why the free market works and other half-baked theories don’t. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing.

Ek Ruka Hua Essays

Ek Ruka Hua Essays Ek Ruka Hua Essay Ek Ruka Hua Essay Power of CommunicationEk Ruka Hua Faisla ?Elegance of language may not be in the power of all of us; but simplicity and straightforwardness are. Write much as you would speak; speak as you think. If with your inferior,speak no coarser than usual; if with your superiors, no finer. Be what you say; and, within therules of prudence, say what you are.? The Power of Communication comes from knowing the right questions to ask and practicinggood listening skills. The secret weapon of power negotiators is being skilled in askingquestions. Why? One of the reasons is that questions get the communication going andencourages the other party to talk, to share information with you. And what you are always,always looking for is information, particularly something you do not know. Even when youthink you know the answers, get in the habit of asking questions; at the least, it will confirmyour knowledge. And if you have somehow missed asking the really right question, theanswer you need will likely come out the more the other party is forced to talk and you aretalking less. The 80s was a period of experimental films and serious cinema. Movies were made not forcommercial success and some of the best films were churned out during this period, which areremembered and appreciated even today. One such film is Ek Ruka Hua Faisla. Inspired fromthe English flick Twelve Angry Men (1957), Ek Ruka Hua Faisla is a rare remake which is betterthan the original! Sometimes in life your professions reflect on your personalities. And more often more thanprofession communication may represent your Personality. In this movie we observe theentire decision making process and way the people communicate with each other, whereeach individual had different perception and different behavior in particular situation. theirpersonal opinion leads them to one wrong decision first but later on with just one leading,convincing, neutral and practical individual, they were able to think on the other side of thecase and finally they reached to right conclusion. There are twelve male members of a jury who have gathered together in an enclosed room todeliberate on charges of murder against a young boy accused of killing his father. The caseagainst the boy looks irrefutable and indomitable, as there is a witness in the form of an oldman who claims to have heard the incident and another woman who claims to have seen theactual act of stabbing. Plus there is the murder weapon a knife that was found at the crimescene, seemingly implicating the boy without any fragment of doubt. But all is not what itseems like. All the jury members, except one, are convinced that the boy is guilty of the crime and thetask before them is to reach a unanimous decision to expedite the case. But there is only onejury member who is not completely convinced about the case and he starts the deliberations,in which all the members have to participate to reach a common conclusionAN OVERVIEW Twelve jurors common people with their usual daily problems, emotional swings and theirregular habit to stick to what is obvious are selected to judge a case where very strongevidences are available against the accused. Everything was transparent and vividly clear. The case was supposed to end with common opinion against the accused within no time. Butone person was against this common judgment and this is the point where story builds up. This one person make other eleven to change their decision. The movie opens in the first state of Group Development, the opening period. This is thetime when people in small groups will small talk, introduce themselves, and begin to learn alittle about one another. During this stage in the movie, jurors discuss the view, old buildings,hot weather colds, and some even share what they do for a living. And this is the stage whenthe group dynamics start showing, and how in the heat of discussion, the true feelings startshowing through. Peoples biases, bigotry, temper, all start showing through. Gradually, wecome to know the communication skills of each and every jury member in the room beingopened. Eventually we see the missing links, the loopholes in the vital clues, andtestimonies, and eventually persuade all except Pankaj Kapoor. Pankaj is not so easilypersuaded because his son has left him, and he has a bias against youth, but eventually he isalso persuaded with more m. Members involved in the conflict want to create and maintainstability. However, they also want to move forward which requires change. Conflict then existsas the individuals struggle between creating both at the same time. This struggle is seen inthe film as the jury members struggle between their desire for stability and their desire forchange. Initially, it is seen that all the jury members except one have a guilty verdict. The factthat one member, KK Raina, has a not guilty verdict is an initial source of conflict. For theremaining jury members, their focus is not on understanding why Mr. Davis is saying notguilty. Instead, they want him to agree with them and choose a guilty verdict. In doing so, theyare trying to achieve stability, since if KK Raina says not guilty, there will be no conflict. KEY TAKEAWAYS y Transistion from Communication to Conflict Management y Situational Understanding with all possible Permutations and Combinations y Team Dynamics for a Decision making process REVIEWS OF THE MOVIE: ?A masterful work of debate and dialogue; of shifting momentum and the ideal of sticking toyour scruples in the face of antagonistic groupthink? ?This is a film where tension comes from personality conflict, dialogue and body language, notaction.? one is so consumed by the brilliance of the script and the acting that it doesnt matter whatthe jurors names are? CONCLUSION: The issues in the movie are addressed to the Indian audiences and in Indian setting, withIndian characters and in Hindi language. Even after a quarter of a century later the movie stirsyou with its treatment of topics because the issues of caste, class, materialism, loopholes injudicial process a nd of course human prejudices and judgement still plague us. So this movie ? Ek Ruka Hua Faisla? is a very good example of the power of communication .

David Gregg and the History of the Optical Disk

David Gregg and the History of the Optical Disk An optical disk is a plastic-coated disk that stores digital data. Tiny pits are etched into the disk surface that are read with a laser scanning the surface. The technology behind the optical disk is the foundation for similiar formats including CDs and DVDs. David Gregg The optical disk is an analog video optical disk format. The original format provided full bandwidth composite video and two analog audio tracks (digital audio tracks were added later). The optical disk (commonly known as the laser disc as trademarked by Pioneer) was replaced in popularity by the introduction of DVD in 1997. David Gregg Speaks on the Invention of the Optical Disk ...By dumbing down an electron beam to visible wavelengths, modulating it to the standard PWM video frequency, and reducing the power to photoresistive requirements, an e-beam optical videodisk mastering system was practical and commercially available in the late 50s. However, this simple and practical means of mastering was abandoned by others in favor of more costly and time delaying technology: the laser, the supreme toy of the moment for techies. Impact of David Greggs Patents Digital Versatile Disc or DVD and LaserDisc from PioneerMiniDisc from Sony Compact Disc or CD from Philips the 3M Company List of Patents for Optical Disk Technology Continue Extract from Optical Disk Patent Special thanks goes to Tom Peterson for providing information for this page including the words of David Gregg. David Gregg was Toms father by adoption. A transparent plastic disc is described in the Copending Application Ser. No. 627,701, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,430,966, issued March 4, 1969, in which picture information in the form of video signals is recorded on one or both sides of the disc. The recorded picture information on the disc is intended to be reproduced, for example, through a television receiver, by playing the disc on a turntable and by directing a light beam through the disc, as described in the Copending Application Ser. No. 507,474 now, abandoned, and its continuation-in-part application, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,258. The light beam is modulated by the video recordings on the disc, and a pick-up head is provided which responds to the resulting light signals to transform them into corresponding electrical video or picture signals for playback purposes. The present invention is concerned with such a video disc record, and with a duplication process by which a multiplicity of such records may be mass-produced from a master record die. The material of the disc record surface is made such to be appropriate for embossing and to enable, under suitable temperature conditions, a slight force pressing the disc surface against a master die to cause the impressions on the surface of the die to be embossed into the surface of the disc. With such an embossing process, there is no transverse flow of the disc material, as occurs in the usual prior art stamping or molding processes, as are presently being used in the production of phonograph sound records, for example, and by which the actual surface of the record is raised above its melting point. The stamping techniques presently being used in the manufacture of phonograph records are not suitable for the extraordinarily fine microgrooves and patterns required by video frequency recordings of picture information. Such stamping techniques as are presently being used in the production of phonograph sound records require that the master record die be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the vinyl or other plastic material used in the phonograph record. In the prior art phonograph record duplicating process, a biscuit of the vinyl or other plastic material is placed in a stamper, and the heated master record die is brought down onto one or both surfaces of the biscuit. The plastic of the biscuit surface is melted and caused to flow radially into the spaces defined by the impressions on the master die surface. As mentioned above, this stamping technique by present day standards appears to be unsuited for the extremely fine micro-spiral grooves required for video frequency recordings. As an alternative to the present day practice, and as will be described, a video disc record blank of laminated transparent plastic construction may be provided, the laminated record having a surface layer of relatively soft transparent plastic of any suitable known type, and which can be readily embossed; and a supporting base of a rigid plastic, such as an acrylic resin or polyvinyl chloride. As a first step in the alternate approach, the laminated disc record blank is heated to a point at which the surface tension of the surface material causes the surface to be smooth and regular. This temperature is the critical temperature at which embossed impressions may be formed on the disc surface, and it is below the melting point of the surface material. The embossing die(s) is(are) heated to a temperature slightly above the critical temperature, and it(they) and the record blank are brought together with a slight pressure. As the die(s) and the record blank are brought together, the die(s) is(are) cooled to the aforesaid critical temperature, and its (their) surface impressions are embossed into the surface(s) of the record. Obviously, if two sides are being embossed, two embossing dies are required. The supporting structure would require modification, but such modification is well within the skill of the art. After the disc record has been embossed, as described above, an opaque mask is deposited into the portions of its surface around the resulting embossed micro-grooves. This latter mask may be formed on the disc by using a vacuum deposition technique, as will be described. The aforesaid disc record, when laminated in accordance with the aforesaid alternate approach, is used in order to present the desired surface characteristics for optimum embossing capabilities, and yet so that the record itself may be rugged and suitable for rough usage. The laminated structure of the record comprises reasonably tough and dimensionally stable clear plastic for the main body of the disc; and a plastic material on one or both surfaces of the disc which is most suited for embossing. The combination provides a video record disc which is useful, which can take on appropriate amount of handling, and which still can be embossed easily and effectively.

Juvenile Justice System of the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juvenile Justice System of the Future - Essay Example It will also talk about the challenges faced by juvenile delinquents at present time and how to improve the current juvenile justice system. A concrete plan or proposal on how to improve the current justice system is given by including the objectives, goals and how to measure the success rate. Keywords: juvenile delinquency, youth offender, crime rate, criminal justice system, trial court JUVENILE DELINQUENCY The number of juvenile delinquents or otherwise known as children in conflict with the law has significantly increased for the past decade. It has become one of the alarming problems that requires immediate attention by countries all over the world. The current situation of the justice system needs major overhaul as many children who are behind bars are not given proper care and guidance by the government to ensure that youth offenders emerge as better citizens after serving imprisonment. The primary purpose of serving sentence is for retribution for the wrong doing that they ha ve committed against the law and social order. However, the justice system should oversee that public safety will not be compromised because they are dealing with children. Towards the end of their ordeal, government support must at hand to guarantee that the youth offenders are rehabilitated and turn-out to be disciplined and responsible individuals after going through the process of trial and serving. It has been said that the nation’s hope lies on children so we must treat them with utmost compassion. Challenges of Juvenile Delinquency at Present Time â€Å"At present time, the juvenile justice system conducts the trials of the youth offenders in adult courts. In effect, they are also penalized in the same degree of judgment that is expected of adults† (Corriero, 2006 p.3). In a Supreme Court decision entitled Roper Vs. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005), Justice Anthony Kennedy held that executing juveniles and imposing capital punishment for crimes committed while under 18 years of age is unconstitutional. According to him, â€Å"From a moral standpoint, it would be misguided to equate the failings of a minor child with those of an adult, for a greater possibility exists that a minor’s character deficiencies will be reformed.†( Corriero, 2006, p. 3). It is at this tender age that the youth offender still cannot exercise his discretion to decide what is right from wrong. The level of responsibility that they possess to justify their actions is nil and they cannot fully comprehend the effect of their actions. Children as seen have the tendencies to reform and change for the better compared to adults. If they will be exposed to trial, pre-trial detention and imprisonment, more likely than not, they will experience abuses, cruelty and violence, which will leave them defenseless and unprotected. How to Improve the Juvenile Justice System Judge Michael Corriero stated that: â€Å"At the turn of the 20th Century, our juvenile justice proce ss reflected a concept of childhood based on the notion that children are innocent, vulnerable, dependent and incapable of making matured decisions. As we enter the 21st Century, after decades of disillusionment with the juvenile court process, the ideas and beliefs that had inspired the progressive and humane treatment of children, especially disadvantaged children, have been largely abandoned in terms of fixing criminal responsibility. America and its children deserve a justice system that not only holds children accountable for their